An Investigation into the Portrayal or Truth Within the...

As documentary by its very nature introduces itself as factual, concerns exist as to where the boundary between the truth of subject and the fiction produced by its creator emerges. As anything that has been edited has by definition removed certain aspects and enhanced others, there must be at best an innocent naturally occurring bias formed from individual perception, and at worst purposefully manipulated misinformation. Through researching various sources, I intend to discover the difference (if any) between these two methods making factually based programmes, to determine any variables that lie in the ‘grey area’ between the two extremes, and to ascertain the diverse forms of conduct in which truth (and in turn documentary) can be†¦show more content†¦In Manchester they found local poet D.G Bridson, who went on to produce the first Radio Documentary programs; Steel, Cotton, Wool and Coal, the first of which was met with a less than enthusiastic public respons e (â€Å"Sheffield Laughed when [the] BBC went poetic over steel† The Daily Independent). Through reading the first 5 chapters of this book, it is interesting to observe the evolution of the documentary format and its early criticisms, but what is more interesting to behold is the journalistic response to these criticisms, the mechanisms that were put in place to overcome them that still stand today. Davies, N. 2008. Flat Earth News. London: Random House Publishing Flat Earth News raises an interesting counterpoint to our perception of what the documentary genre truly is. The book, whilst focusing mainly on newspapers and journals, systematically breaks down the journalistic process to discover its roots, and perhaps quite alarmingly, its lack of. What have often been described as trusted establishments, dating back countless generations or even centuries are exposed as mass instruments of control. The book could be described as an investigation, as journalist Nick Davies interviews various other journalists and documentarians, asking them hard hitting questions about their craft and its downfalls, in an effort to uncover what he describes as a ‘grizzly truth’. 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In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more

Developing an Advertising Campaign Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advertising Campaign. Answer: Introduction Advertising campaigns are focusing towards increasing the sales as well as profits for strengthening the image of the company and therefore, improving the market position of Bounce Fitness Company. There occurs the use of an advertising campaign depending on the aspect of publicity planning. The scenario to plan as well as implement will be considered by the advertising agency. Principles of effective advertising Raising sales Maintaining or building brand loyalty Assisting in the launching of new product Changing the attitudes of the customers Building the image of the company or brand Reducing the impact of competition To infer it might be stated that advertising is basically a particular task of communication and an effective way of informing, persuading as well as reminding customers regarding a new product. Principles and purposes of advertising, consumer behaviour and influence on buyer behaviour These are associated with the cultural factors, special factors, personal factors as well as psychological factors. Brands are having the scope towards developing a strategic aspect, a message for marketing and in this context, an advertising campaign is moving in an effective manner as well as in line with the requirements as well as methods to think of their target customers. Clarify the needs of the proposed campaign There is the requirement of having adequate detail for providing particular guidance for the managers. For clarifying the needs of the proposed campaign, there is the requirement for undertaking the task, amount of change, time-frame as well as audience. Determining that the campaign was ethical Ethical principles are referring to the quality of openness, honesty, integrity, impartiality, accountability, tolerance, respect for individuals, fairness as well as individual accountability. For determining that the campaign was ethical, there is the requirement to have clarity that the companys product as well as business is correct and receiving a government certificate will strengthen the ethical aspect further. There is also the requirement for explaining that the correct thing is being done and there is the need to be realistic as well. Other markets to be taken into consideration The other markets that will be considered when making decisions where to focus are the consumer markets, business markets, international markets as well as government or non-profit market. The consumer market will be taken into consideration since there is a growing awareness amongst the people to maintain a healthy lifestyle and it is now being considered that Fit is the New Rich. Taking this into consideration, a lot of focus has been given to the consumer markets and the other markets are being discarded because the service that Bounce Fitness is providing is not in direct relation with those markets. Meaning of industry, services, products and organization Industry is associated with the production of products or related services within the economy. In a company, services and products are considered being very significant. There is the requirement for providing the customers with effective products as well as services for running the business in an effective manner. There is also the requirement for having honesty as well as giving respect to the customers. Purposes and objectives from the marketing plan The purposes of the marketing plan for Bounce Fitness are mentioned as under, Objectives The main purpose regarding the marketing plan is setting Bounce Fitness on a particular course regarding marketing. Marketing goals are in general, aligned with wider goals of the company. With its purpose to grow, Bounce Fitness will be having a marketing plan that will be emphasizing on the strategic aspects for increasing the base of customers. In this regard, a low penetration strategy for pricing can be used. To gain the share of the market, increase awareness of the customers as well as to build favourable behaviours are other common goals. The objectives component relating to a marketing plan will assist Bounce Fitness to make sure every investment related to marketing will be having target. Budget In a systematic marketing plan, there is the requirement for laying out the required budget as well as resources required for completing the goals that have been mentioned. The plan will be allowing the aspect of showcasing what the company is trying to achieve with the budget. (Ariztia 2015) Accountability Different aspects of the marketing plan is relating to the aspect of being accountable. The plan is a basic commitment from the leaders of the company as well as marketing employees towards taking the company in a specific direction. After outlining the strategic aspect as well as developing the tasks, there will be the assigning of each task to an individual or team towards implementation. Strategic Planning The marketing plan is considered being a significant document that will be coinciding with a wider organizational strategic plan. To have a marketing plan will be assisting the organizational leaders in developing as well as monitoring the expectations in respect of other areas of function (De Mooiz 2013). Factors affecting the consumer responses towards the campaign The factors that might be influencing the consumer responses take into consideration relevant legislations that are mentioned as under, Anti discrimination legislation The Anti-Discrimination legislation is associated with the aspect of discriminating in regard to the protected traits that includes age, disability, race, sex, identification of gender in specific areas of public life which includes the aspect of employment. The anti-discrimination legislation includes Age Discrimination Act, 2004; Disability Discrimination Act, 1992; Racial Discrimination Act, 1975; Sex Discrimination Act, 1934. Consumer protection laws This is considered to be a national law in respect of trading as well as consumer protection. Concerning this law, the customers will be having undisturbed possession of products. Moreover, manufacturer will be having reasonable available capabilities towards the repairing of the products as well as parts of the products. Privacy laws These laws take into consideration the aspect of regulating the handling of personal information regarding individuals. Personal information is considered to be the information or viewpoint regarding an identified person. Under this law, the entities will be having increased accountabilities for managing information in a manner that is open as well as transparent. Trades Practices Act The Trade Practices Act will be dealing with mostly all parts of the marketplace that includes unfair market practices, safety of the products, monitoring of the prices as well as codes of practice regarding the industry. Its focus is inhibiting unethical practices by competitors as well as providing confidence to the customers to deal with businesses that are adhering to high standards (Ariztia 2015). Legal and ethical considerations relating to this brief When there occurs a lack of clearly set regulations, there exist legal, business as well as social impacts of not considering legal as well as ethical considerations. In different countries there are official companies mandated to vet advertising for ensuring it is not vulgar, not deceitful, as well as not culturally offensive. Even in the regulatory surroundings, there is space for advertising for offending or offering partial truths. While there was a time when these behavioural aspects could be bypassed or not challenged, in the current times, individuals are demanding complete responsibility. There is presently occurring the aspect of testing as well as monitoring with real propositions in respect of the integrity, credibility as well as reputation of the offending company. In absence of trustworthy status, neither organizations nor advertising agencies will be surviving, therefore, it is required to pay attention for safeguarding, as well as doing the fortification of the agency s reputation (Parente 2014). Research resource requirements for this campaign The research process that gets conducted takes into consideration the following aspects that is required for the advertising campaign that are, Focus Group This comprises of a comparatively small number of customers as well as a trained moderator who come together in respect of a discussion. A typical group comprises of 6 to 10 consumers that have the knowledge of buying as well as using the category of products in which the company is having interest in. The group will not comprise of just any customers but will be created concerning certain general traits. The main aspect regarding a focus group is having a complete discussion within the time-period (Krueger 2014). Demographic profiles of customers The demographic profiles of customers is providing a means to find out about the individuals in a category by offering limits within which researches are being conducted. It assists the advertisers in thinking in what was customers need to get addressed through the formation of groups that are considered being more actual than conceptual (Percy 2016). Range of media options to be considered The range of media options that needs to be considered for the advertising campaign are mentioned as under, Print Advertising Print publications are having reference with three types of advertisements such as newspaper, magazine as well as directory. This media option will be considered, since this is cost efficient and it can be a very efficient means of promoting a brand (Percy 2016). Digital Advertising This is the newest as well as fastest-growing category of advertising. There are various ways of digital ads that includes display advertising, video advertising, social advertising as well as search advertising. This media option will be considered, as because it will be providing Bounce Fitness the scope for remarketing, or retargeting potential consumers through the re-engagement of individuals that have visited their website earlier (Schudson 2013). Budget for using the chosen media options The media options that have been chosen in this context are print advertising as well as digital advertising. The budget that needs to be used in respect of media campaign is guided by various factors that might take into consideration, Distribution, with the alternatives for including the advertising in one or more editions The size of the advertisement Frequency of the number of times the advertisement will get included Placement in the publication which includes the advertisement of the company on the front page If the company will be selecting the option of printing the advertisement in colour or black-and-white (O'guinn 2014) For ensuring that the budget will not exceed can be considered through the following reasons, Stating the goals Calculating the ideal size of the audience Calculating the target impression count Estimating the cost per thousand Calculating the cost per ad set Advertising Schedule Critical Path Analysis Step 1: Specifying each activity Through the use of the work breakdown structure, there is the requirement for the identification of each activity that is having an involvement in the project. This list regarding the specification of activity will be including higher-level activities. The first stage is identifying the major deliverables regarding a project. Step 2: Establishing dependencies Certain activities will be depending on the aspect of listing the immediate predecessors of every activity that will assist in identifying the appropriate order. Step 3: Drawing the network diagram After the identification of the activities as well as their reliance, there is the requirement for drawing the critical path analysis chart or CPA, which is regarded as the network diagram. Figure 1 Critical Path Analysis Chart Source: (SmartSheet, 2017) Step 4: Estimating the activity completion time For estimating the activity completion time, there is the need for using the 3-point estimation method that includes, a = the best-case estimate m = the most likely estimate b = the worst-case estimate Step 5: Identifying the Critical Path There are two ways of identifying the critical path. One of them is identifying the longest path all through the network, which is the longest activity sequence in respect of the path. The identification can also be done through critical activities with the help of Forward Pass or Backward Pass process, towards the identification of the earliest start as well as finish time-period and the newest starting as well as finishing time in respect of every activity. Step 6: Updating the critical path diagram to show progress The updating of the network diagram can be made when there occurs the emergence of new information, and there might occur the recalculation of a different critical path (Moriarty 2014). Conclusion This assignment is inferring the fact that advertising campaigns will be assisting Bounce Fitness towards promoting the service for reaching a new base of customers, building market awareness as well as growth regarding sales. Prior to the development of the advertising campaign, there is the requirement for considering position of the company in the market as well as designing the advertising campaign by considering the values, characteristics as well as beneficial aspects of the services in relation to the campaign. Reference Ariztia, T., 2015. Unpacking insight: How consumers are qualified by advertising agencies.Journal of Consumer Culture,15(2), pp.143-162. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Krueger, R.A. and Casey, M.A., 2014.Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R. and Scheinbaum, A.C., 2014.Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Percy, L., Elliott, R.H. and Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Schudson, M., 2013.Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge.

Research Paper on Online Shopping Essay Example

Research Paper on Online Shopping Essay Internat Shopping Research Paper Online shopping is the process of purchasing of goods and services with the help of the Internet without leaving ones home. With the development of the Internet and information technologies the global business has moved into the web due to a great number of positive factors. First of all it is convenient for consumers who prefer staying at home and look through the goods and services they require instead of spending long hours in supermarkets, stores which are situated miles away. Then, businessmen save much money selling their production in the Internet, because it is far cheaper to create a detailed website than to build a house and open a store there. Even the smallest store requires energy, electricity, heating and rent payment, so it is expensive to keep such business in a good order. Evidently, goods are more expensive at a real store than in the Internet, because the owner does not have to waste money on extra expenditures. Online shopping is also cheaper for businessmen, because they do not have to spend so much money on advertising and salary for their employees. Customers prefer online shopping to the ordinary one not only because of lower prices but due to other factors. First of all, they do not have to stand in a queue several hours. Then, a web store often offers broader choice of production, which a great advantage. Another strong side is the delivery of goods. Online shops always deliver their production directly to your flat for quite a low price and very often the delivery is free. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Online Shopping specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Online Shopping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Online Shopping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today more and more companies offer the option of online shopping, so people can spend more time to more useful things than shopping being able to purchase everything at the moment’s notice. Online shopping has become a part of our life, so everyone should know the principles of its functioning. A well-organized online shopping research proposal is a set of smart ideas on the topic. Every student who wants to prepare a research paper should convince the professor in the importance of the topic at first. It can be done only with the help of a well-composed research proposal, which is based on the scrupulous research and contains interesting brand new thoughts about online shopping, its functioning and possible methods of its improvement. It is difficult to persuade the professor that the chosen topic is worth his attention, so one should look for the secrets of essay writing in the Internet. Free sample research proposals on online shopping prepared by the experienced writers will provide students with smart ideas concerning the problem of analysis and structure of the paper. Very often a successful free example research proposal on online shopping is the best help for the young people who need a good piece of advice of an expert.

Superstitions of Huck Finn essays

Superstitions of Huck Finn essays In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions. There are many examples from the book that show this in the characters. Most of the superstitions are very ridiculous, but some actually make a little sense. In the first example, Huck seen a spider was crawling on his shoulder and he flipped it off and it landed in a lit candle. It shriveled up and died. Huck said it would fetch him some awful bad luck. He got up and turned around three times and crossed his breast every time. Then he tied up a little lock of his hair with a thread to keep witches away. He says that the ritual he did was for losing a found horseshoe and did not know if it would work. These superstitions and remedies seem pretty far-fetched and it is hard to say where they originated, but I would have to say they originated down South. I think it originated down south because I am from up North and I have never heard any one speak of those superstitions. Huck believes in these probably because he grew up with them and they were always taught to him and he is so ignorant he does not know better. One morning Huck turned over the saltcellar at breakfast. He went to throw the salt- cellar over his left shoulder to cancel the bad luck, but Miss Watson stopped him. All day he wondered when something would fall on him and what it would be. This all implies that Huck thinks something is going to fall on him, because of his accident. I have heard about bad luck from spilling salt so I think this Superstition started in the North or maybe it was just popular and spread quickly. I do not believe there is hardly any fact at all to this. Huck believes in this probably because of the way he grew up. Jim said when young chickens flew a yard or two at a time and lighting it was a sign that it was going to rain. He thought if birds did it, it would be the same. Also Jim said if you caught one of them you would...

Agriculture in Scandinavia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Agriculture in Scandinavia - Essay Example Agriculture in Scandinavia and the rest of Europe is known to have arrived from South West Asia in pre-historic times in the form of foreign colonists and their domesticated animals, seeds, and potted plants.Study of transition in Southern Scandinavia became easier and more exciting as the region proved to be a laboratory of human prehistory.There are evidences that the early cultures in Middle East around 8000 BC used wild cereals for food which led to cultivated wheat, use of pottery With the fantastic archeological sources and research combined with impressive chronology, Northern Europe, Denmark and southern Scandinavia are a mine of anthropological information today. Study of transition in Southern Scandinavia became easier and more exciting as the region proved to be a laboratory of human prehistory. There are evidences that the early cultures in Middle East around 8000 BC used wild cereals for food which led to cultivated wheat, use of pottery, grains, and this is believed to have spread farming across Neolithic Europe.It is also argued that the farming revolution reached Scandinavia only around 4000 or 3800 BC, according to pottery and winding coils of clay found in the region. This assumption and belief that lasted all these years has been questioned by recent anthropologists, who claim that the farming was not borrowed, but was indigenized and Price is one among them. "Given current archaeological and anthropological evidence, the consensus among Scandinavian archaeologists today is that the introduction of agriculture was largely the result of indigenous adoption" (Price). World agriculture itself is as recent as around 10,000 years. Around 25,000 BC, hunter gatherer communities ventured beyond the arctic circle into Russia and Siberia. This area was colonized by humans only after the retreat of Pleistocene ice around 14,000 years ago. The key events of human history, pertaining to the development of agriculture, include stone tools of 7500 BC, copper and painted pottery of 4500 BC, carved rock faces of Norway with animal subjects of 4000 BC, Ertebelle culture with pointed-bottomed pots and oval bowls. Also, complex wickerwork of 3600 BC, passage tombs, dolmens of megalith, stone blocks of 3500-2500 BC that show organized endeavors, hand formed decorated pottery and year-round settlements of 2800 BC, artisan work of 2500-2000 BC and the burial mounds of elite households of 2200-1600 BC etc. The forest farmers initially seem to have ventured into agriculture and livestock husbandry, which has been evidenced in Central Sweden, South Norway where the Pitted Ware (hunter-gatherer with some agriculture) started and believed to have spread into southern Sweden and parts of Denmark from 5,900 BC onwards. From 4,800 BC onwards, Late Neolithic Farmers and Stock Herders appeared on the scene combined with Corded Ware traditi on, marking the changes in agricultural societies of Scandinavia with small, rather isolated settlements of indefinable groups of agriculturists. From 4,500 BC onwards, independent agriculture started and 3,800 BC onwards the Bronze Age dawned in Norway and Sweden, giving way to technologically advanced agricultural tools. Eastern Europe seems to have continued with part time farming supported by seasonal dwelling practices and a hunters' way of life for a long time. The Linearbandkeramic farming culture spread across Central Europe, but agricultural foodstuffs were introduced in the late Mesolithic and the delay is attributed to flourishing fishing and hunting which avoided the dire need for agricultural products. Later, there is an abundance proof to show that differentiation in status, class and trade held sway over agriculture in these parts as the burial mounds show. Even though Price agrees with most of the above arguments, some of his claims are rather unprecedented. He says by middle Neolithic period, wheat was 96% of the cereals and barley was 22% at later Funnelbeaker sites. In this period, cattle were becoming indispensable representing 80% of the animal husbandry. Technology was slowly being introduced into the agriculture, pottery and weapons. "The common anthropological background of the dualist society tradition, as it originates from Durkheimian sociology, is mirrored in the separation of peasant society from tribal

Why slavery developed through law and race-based issues Essay

Why slavery developed through law and race-based issues - Essay Example They had the right to earn and keep their wages. Slavery had no legal structure in the colonies. Slaves had legitimate marriages, adopted Christianity and were part of the military. These slaves negotiated for greater freedom. The Dutch West India Company gave them ‘half freedom,’ under which they could live on ‘free negro lots,’ farm their own land and pay a tribute to the company. The company retained the right to their services when necessary. Africans in New Amsterdam were now a mixture of slaves, half-free and free men. Slavery now developed in the British colonies. The tobacco country in Chesapeake, Virginia and Maryland was in need of cheap labor in the early 1600’s. This led the British in these colonies to adopt the indentured labor system. Indentured labor made tobacco the colonys most profitable export. Both white and African indentured labor were hired for a prescribed period, had no rights, were treated badly and could become free at the end of the indenture. Initially, they were treated equally. 1640 was a turning point at which indentured Africans began to be treated worse than indentured whites. Race began to assume increased significance. Indentured African slaves who attain freedom were not treated on par with free whites. The nonracial-specific system of indentured servitude that defined colonial labor in its earliest years came to an end. By 1665, Virginia, New York and Maryland legalized slavery by law and custom. All the British colonies became slave societies. All children of indentured women became slaves by law. As Virginia planters perceived the advantages of race slavery in expanding their tobacco holdings, they introduced laws in 1691 forbidding free blacks from living in certain counties. African-Americans were denied education, freedom of movement and the right to hold property. The indentured Africans’ avenues to freedom and recourse to law were progressively shut

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic Replication Essay

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic Replication - Essay Example This is nothing but duplication of the nuclear material contained in the nucleus of the cell, be it pro or eukaryotes. Replication is an essential phenomenon related to growth and division of the cell. Growth and division refer not simply to the accretion of biomolecules, but to the replication of an integrated pattern of functions and structures. The continuity of cellular structure is a necessary complement to the continuity of genetic information. This occurs through the process of replication (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 134-150). Replication of the prokaryotic cells is a process central to the biological reproduction and morphogenesis. From that aspect, every cell including prokaryotic cells continuously is in a process looking forward to the next cycle of replication as long as favourable environments are available. Sometimes, the time required to replicate is too small to acknowledge. There are incidences where a whole colony of prokaryote E. coli may replicate in 20 minutes. Indeed, making two cells where there was one before is the only discernible purpose of all the cell's metabolism, physiology and behaviour. This process thus involves production of cell constituents as long as energy and nutrients are available to accommodate to the need of replication. This again involves three processes, doubling of the volume and surface area by elongation at constant diameter, duplication of the genome and partitioning of the copies, and cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm by the in-growth of a septum at the mi dpoint, followed by separation of the daughter cells (Harold, 2001, 99-102). Structurally, prokaryotes are very simple cells when compared to eukaryotic cells, and yet they are able to carry on the necessary processes of life. Reproduction of prokaryotic cells is by binary fission-the simple division of one cell into two cells, following DNA replication and the formation of a separating membrane and cell wall. The prokaryotic chromosome usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, which serves as the control center of the bacterial cell. It is capable of duplicating itself, guiding cell division, and directing cellular activities. When a cell is preparing to divide, all the DNA molecules in the chromosomes of that cell must duplicate, thereby ensuring that the same genetic information is passed on to both daughter cells. This process is called DNA replication. It occurs by separation of the DNA strands and the building of complementary strands by the addition of the correct DNA nucleotides (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 151-162).Figur e 1: The Process of Replication Figure 2: Bacterial Replication Wall Synthesis The point on the molecule where DNA replication starts is called the replication fork. The most important enzyme required for DNA replication is DNA polymerase. The duplicated DNA of the chromosomes can then be separated during cell division, so that each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes, the same genes, and the same amount of DNA as in the parent cell. In bacteria, as in other walled cells, morphogenesis revolves around wall construction. Bacteria lack an internal